Hertz, D.L. Jr., Farinella, A.C., and Bussem, H.
Seals Eastern, Inc.
1999. 

ABSTRACT
     The aging of elastomers in engine coolants after extended periods of service can be both a physical process (stress / strain relaxation) and/or a chemical change. Engine coolants are essentially aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes coupled with inorganic inhibitor systems, as well as new organic systems. The long-term effects of this environment are reviewed. Chemical and functional tests are utilized to model these aging processes. This review will offer a better understanding of the long-term suitability of typical candidate elastomers.